10. Several methods are now in use with pregnant mothers to obtain information about the presence or absence of abnormality in their unborn baby. These include:

Name

Description

Dignosis of

Safety

1. Amniocentesis 2.Ultrasonography 3. Chorion Villus Sampling 4. Fetoscopy 5. Fetal blood sampling

Drawing of amniotic fuid under local anasthesia and ultra-sonography which is subject to analysis ideal time: 12-16 weeks of pregnancy Echoes generated by ultra- Sound waves ideal time: 8-15 weeks of pregnancy A small amount of chorionic tissue is suctioned by a hollow instrument and analysed ideal time: 8-10 weeks of pregnancy Insertion of fetoscope in the amniotic cavity ideal time: 18-22 weeks of pregnancy Blood drawn from the root of umbilical cord ideal time: 18 weeks

*Foetal Sex *Trisomic child *Inborn errors of *metabolism *X-linked disorders *anecephaly *microcephaly congenital heart disease *intra uterine growth retardation *spina bifida *trisomic child *X-linked disorders *malformation of limbs, face, genitalia and spine *thalasaemia *Sickle cell disease

Abortion 1-15% risk Repeat amniocentes is 9% risk of abortion Nil Miscarriage 10/1000 5 to 10% risk of abnortion Risk of including abortion is upto 10%